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Charles III ((イタリア語:Carlo III di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza); 14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854) was Duke of Parma from 1849 to 1854 He was the only son of Charles II Duke of Parma and was educated in Saxony and Vienna. He grew up as a restless young man and traveled extensively while he was hereditary Prince of Lucca. For a time he served in the Piedmontese army with the rank of Captain. In 1845, his father arranged his marriage with Princess Louise Marie of France, a wealthy heiress who gave him four children. In December 1847 at the death of Empress Marie Louise, his father Charles II became the reining Duke of Parma, but abdicated on March 24, 1849. Charles III became the Duke of Parma, Piacenza and the Annexed States. Charles III reigned lasted only five years. He owed his throne to the support of Austrian troops and his authoritarian policies made him unpopular. He was assassinated in March 1854. ==Early life== Charles III was born at the Villa delle Pianore near Lucca on 14 January 1823, the only son of Charles Louis, Prince of Lucca (later Duke of Lucca, and Duke of Parma) and his wife Princess Maria-Theresa of Savoy (daughter of King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia).〔Stubbs, ''Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III'', p. 71〕 He was given the baptismal names Ferdinando Carlo Vittorio Giuseppe Maria Baldassarre.〔 Until his accession as Duke of Parma in 1849, he was called Ferdinando Carlo or Ferdinando. His family called him Danduccio. At the death of his grandmother, Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca, on 13 March 1824, Ferdinando became the ''Hereditary Prince of Lucca''.〔 Ferdinando Carlo spent much of the first ten years of his life following his parents in their frequent travels to their castles of Uchendorff and Weisstropp, near Dresden and to the court in Vienna. When he was four, the responsibility for his education was entrusted to a Hungarian priest, Zsigmond Deáki. He was taught Italian history and language by Lazzaro Papi, Director of the Library of Lucca. He learnt French, Hungarian, German, English, and Spanish.〔 Until 1833, when he was ten and the court returned to Lucca, Ferdinando Carlo was under the care of his mother in an austere and religious atmosphere. As an only child, Ferdinando Carlo was much loved by his parents, but they were a mismatch couple of opposite personalities.Ferdinando’s mother was very pious and turned increasingly towards religion. From his teens, Ferdinando saw little of her. Maria-Theresa retired completely from the court of Lucca, living in permanent seclusion, first in Villa di Marilia and later to her villa at Pianore, where surrounded by priest and nuns, she dedicated her life to religion. Ferdinando had more in common with his father: a skill for languages, a passion for travel, a coarse sense of humor and a restless nature.〔 However, Charles Louis, Prince of Lucca, was an hedonistic man who could not have his son as company very often of for very long. As a consequence, Ferdinando grew up restless and very spoil. His teachers could control neither his rebellious nature nor his unbridled irresponsibility.〔 In his adolescence, Ferdiando Calos developed an interest in military life. He entered the army in Lucca living as a simple soldier, sharing the life in the barracks, hours in the training grounds and lengthy exercises among the foothills of the Apennines. He was well regarded by his soldiers. To regulate his military training, and hoping that the army would improve his character, Ferdinando's father obtained permission form Charles Albert of Sardinia to admit him in the Piedmontese army. In 1841, at age eighteen, Ferdinando Carlo was sent to the Military School of Turin. He received a commission in the Piedmontese army with the rank of Captain in the Novara Cavalry.〔 After one year of service, he returned home in bad terms with King Charles Albert of Sardinia and even more so with the king's son, Victor Emmanuel who had spent a lot of time with him. Victor Emmanuel wrote: " Ferdinando of Lucca left here last summer rather angry with me and he has not let me know his news since. But I wish him every happiness -and also good sense, which however I firmly believe he would never achieve."〔Stubbs, ''Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III'', p. 72〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles III, Duke of Parma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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